Historic defence order of 118 indigenous Arjun 1A tanks on the anvil

 

This is another Atmanirbhar Bharat moment. An order for two regiments of the new indigenous Arjun 1A tank for the Indian Army is on the anvil. The two regiments, comprising 118 tanks, have been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and incorporates 71 improvements from the original version.

They are expected to go through the usual route for clearance: The Defence Acquisition Council and the Cabinet Committee on Security. This deal is worth Rs 8,956 crore, not just for the tanks but also, spares and servicing.

The Army already has to regiments of the earlier version of the Arjun. While the T-90, a Russian designed armoured vehicle, is the Army's MBT or main battle tank, the Arjun is being considered suitable for use, particularly in the southern Rajasthan area, in the Thar Desert. Tank movement in the Punjab and northern Rajasthan is now more difficult because of urban settlements, canals and the increase in vegetation.

Anti-tank weapons
Five indigenous anti-tank weapons are in the final stages of development, top government sources said. They include the Nag anti-tank guided missile, its standalone version called SANT, the HELINA or the one delivered from helicopters. There will also be an MPATGM or the man-portable version as well as using the Arjun gun barrel.

timesnow

BEL delivers modules to Thales for radars on Rafale fighter jets

 

Bharat Electronics Limited  has delivered transmit/receive (T/R) modules to Thales for the RBE2 radar that is used by Rafale fighter aircraft, said an official statement on Wednesday.

These modules were delivered to Thales by BEL after the French company transferred its technology as per the Rafale fighter jet purchase agreement between India and France.

The BEL's engineers were trained at the French facility of Thales as per the offset agreement.

"The modules produced in India (by BEL) are then integrated with the RBE2 radar in France. BEL and Thales teams are, thus working closely to transfer advanced technological know-how," the Thales's statement said.

The first batch of five Rafale jets arrived in India from France on July 29, 2020, nearly four years after India signed an inter-governmental agreement with France to procure 36 of the aircraft at a cost of Rs 59,000 crore.

A total of 11 Rafale jets have been delivered by its manufacturer Dassault Aviation till now.

V Gowtama, Chairman and Managing Director, BEL, said, "We are happy to be associated with Thales in delivering the transmit/receive modules for the prestigious Rafale programme. The Thales and BEL teams ensured that the ToT (transfer of technology) happened seamlessly."

"We have augmented our facility in Bangalore to meet the requirements of manufacturing this state-of-the-art sub-system. We look forward to working together on many more such challenging assignments with Thales," he stated.

ET

Airbus emerges frontrunner as IAF looks at 10-year lease for mid-air refuellers

 

Airbus’ A330 multi-role tanker transport (MRTT) aircraft has emerged as the frontrunner to the Indian Air Force’s plans to get mid-air refuellers on lease to meet their critical shortage, ThePrint has learnt.

Sources in the defence and security establishment said the IAF is looking at a 10-year lease period with the European aerospace major.

They added that the frontrunner for the lease is the MRTT and not Boeing’s KC-46 tanker.

India’s refueller fleet currently comprises six Russian IIyushin-78 tankers, first inducted in 2003, which are facing maintenance and serviceability issues.

Last month, ThePrint had reported that the IAF had sought financial quotes from both Airbus and Boeing.

This had led to speculation that India could end up leasing three tankers and will go in for a large order of six refuellers based on the experience of using them.

However, sources indicated that Boeing was approached primarily to understand the pricing mechanism.

Second major leasing of defence system

This will be the second major leasing of a defence system by the Indian armed forces since November last year, when the Navy leased two Sea Guardian drones — unarmed versions of the deadly Predator series — from US firm General Atomics.

Incidentally, Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat had flown in an MRTT last month during the joint air exercise between India and France held in Rajasthan.

According to sources, the Airbus lease offer comes through a British company — Air Tanker — which has also leased the tankers to the Royal Air Force of the UK.

The Royal Air Force has been taking the MRTT on lease since 2008. The company had, in 2008, signed a 27-year contract with the UK’s defence ministry to deliver and support 14 MRTT aircraft.

According to the company, nine of these aircraft form a ‘core fleet’ for the RAF. The five ‘non-core’ aircraft are available to the RAF and can also be made available to other parties.

The French have also offered six A330 MRTT aircraft to the IAF on a government-to-government basis.

The Narendra Modi government has allowed the armed forces to procure military equipment on lease, under the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020.

A source had then said leasing significantly brings the cost down and also does away with life cycle cost.

theprint

Israel’s Rafael unveils new variant of Spice weapon guidance kit, says will offer it to IAF

 

Israeli defence major Rafael plans to offer the Indian Air Force its new weapon guidance kit, Spice 250 ER, which has an extended range of at least 150 kilometres.

The new variant from Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, which was unveiled at the Aero India show here, comes with an additional integrated turbojet engine.

Dubbed Spice 250 ER (Extended Range), the new system is the smallest of the Spice family that includes the Spice 250, Spice 1000 and the Spice 2000 guidance kits.

The IAF had used the Spice 2000 during Balakot air strike in 2019.

“We have unveiled the new extended version for the Spice 250. India currently uses the Spice 2000. However, we plan to offer the 250 ER in due course of time to the IAF,” a senior Rafael executive told ThePrint.

Asked if there were any plans to extend the range of the Spice 2000, the executive said each system has its unique capabilities.

“They are all part of the Spice family. Each system has its own unique characteristics,” he said, indicating that there were no plans at present to increase the range of the Spice 2000.

About Spice

Spice is a standoff, autonomous, air-to-surface weapon system that strikes targets with pinpoint accuracy and at high attack volumes.

The Spice 250 ER will incorporate a miniature turbojet engine with an internal JP-8/10 fuel system, providing the weapon a range of at least 150 km, while retaining the same mission-planning system, aircraft interfaces and air crew operation.

In a statement, the company said the Spice 250 ER features the same capabilities as the gliding variant, including the recently-unveiled ATR (Automatic Target Recognition) capability, Automatic Target Acquisition (ATA) and Moving-Target-Detection homing modes.

The company said the combination of the increased loadout of Spice 250 variants, the unique homing methods for various scenarios, and the extended range enable a high volume, autonomous, precision-strike capability against multiple target types, with assured very low collateral damage and at a cost-effective price-point.

The Print

Govt formally seals ₹48,000 cr contract to procure 83 Tejas LCA from HAL

 

• Tejas, manufactured by the HAL, is a single-engine and highly agile multi-role supersonic fighter aircraft capable of operating in high-threat air environments
• The Tejas Mk-IA will be equipped with an active electronically scanned array radar, beyond visual range missile, electronic warfare suite and air-to-air refuelling system

Government of India on Wednesday formally sealed in what is being dubbed as the "Biggest Make-in-India" deal to procure 83 Tejas light combat aircraft from state-run aerospace behemoth Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. This deal is being deemed as the biggest ever indigenous defence procurement programme, according to officials.

The contract was handed over by Director General (Acquisition), Ministry of Defence, V L Kantha Rao to Chairman and Managing Director of HAL, R Madhavan, at the inaugural ceremony of Aero India-2021, the country's premier Defence and Aerospace show, in Bengaluru, in the presence of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. "I am very happy that HAL has got the orders for development of 83 new indigenous LCA (light combat aircraft) Tejas MK1A from Indian Air Force valued at more than ₹48,000 crore."

livemint

Navy's Ilyushin 38SD Aircraft Fires Anti-Ship Missiles During Exercise

 

The Indian Navy's aircraft Ilyushin 38SD successfully fired Combat Kh35E anti-ship missiles during the ongoing Theatre level Readiness and Operational Exercise 2021 (TROPEX-21), a defence statement said here on Tuesday.

The Combat Kh35E missiles launched from the aircraft successfully hit and sank the target on January 31, it said.

"This reaffirms the Indian Navy's capability to carry out long range maritime strikes in the Indian Ocean Region, a capability that is central to meeting operational challenges and ensuring safe seas, secure coasts," it said.

"TROPEX 21 is aimed at testing combat readiness of the Navy along with the assets of the Air Force, Army and Coast Guard in a "complex multi-dimensional exercise set in the context of the current geo-strategic environment", the statement added.

NDTV

FMS route unmatched procurement mode for India to acquire F-15EX fighter jet, says US

 

Days after US aerospace giant Boeing said that it had received the go-ahead from the US government to offer its F-15EX fighter jet to the Indian air force, a senior American official Tuesday said the government to government Foreign Military Sales (FMS) route offered a unique opportunity to India to acquire cutting edge US technology unmatched by any other procurement mode.

Speaking at a press conference in Bengaluru on the eve of the Aero-India show, Kelli Seybolt Deputy Under Secretary of the Air Force, International Affairs, said that Washington was looking forward to the formal government communication from India to begin talks on the subject.

“FMS provides an opportunity to procure the most advanced fighting capabilities in the world and technologies with the level of transparency that is really unmatched by any other procurement path. We look forward to the formal government to government request from the government of India so that we can start the conversation about what the US fighters have to offer India as they look to choose their next fighter aircraft," Seybolt said.

India is looking to replace its ageing fighter fleet comprised mainly of Russian origin aircraft. It floated a tender in 2018 for the 114 aircraft which is to be built under the “Make in India plan" by a joint venture between an Indian company and a foreign original equipment manufacturer with technology sharing. Boeing and Lockheed Martin from the US are competing with Sweden's SAAB and France's Dassault Aviation among others for the contract valued at about $15 billion. According to reports, Dassault Aviation which manufactures the Rafale that India is buying 36 of under a government to government deal, was a strong contender for the 114 aircraft deal.

Last month the Indian government gave its nod for 83 Light Combat Aircraft for the Indian Air Force that is to be made by the state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

Also speaking at the press conference, Donald L. Heflin, Charge d’Affaires in the US embassy in New Delhi said Washington was urging all its allies and partners against buying defence equipment from Russia as it risks triggering sanctions under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA). Heflin’s comments came within days of the Biden administration taking office in Washington. It was mainly the Democrats who pushed through CAATSA in 2017 aiming to penalize Russia for its war against Ukraine, aiding the Syrian government and its alleged interference in the 2016 US presidential elections.

“We urge all our allies and partners to forego transactions with Russia," Heflin said adding that such moves would risk triggering sanctions under CAATSA passed by the Congress.

There was no blanket waiver from sanctions for any country, he said adding that the Congress would have to consider waiver on a case by case basis. “We have not made any waiver determinations with respect to Indian transactions with Russia," he added.

Earlier, in his opening remarks, Heflin pitched the US as a reliable defence partner of India which offered “ the world’s best defence equipment."

“India plays a key role in the Indo Pacific region and our cooperation advances our shared vision of a rules based international order that promotes the prosperity and security of all countries," he said.

The US designating India as a major defence partner in 216 “marked a milestone in India-US defence cooperation expanding the range and depth of our defence ties."

Once seen as on opposite sides of the Cold War, with the US close to Pakistan and India seen as closer to the former Soviet Union, ties between the two countries have undergone rapid changes in the past two decades. The US is one of India’s foremost defence partners with New Delhi increasingly looking at American defence equipment to meet its needs. Indian defence purchases that were almost zero in the year 2000, currently stand between $18-20 billion.

mint

No blanket waiver on S-400, urge India to avoid Russian deals: US

 

The US has urged India to refrain from military transactions with Russia, saying that there is no blanket waiver under its Sanctions Act for the recent S-400 missile system purchase, in the first detailed comments on the tricky issue after the Biden administration has come to power.

Speaking ahead of the Aero India summit in Bengaluru, the head of the US delegation has said India is an important and trusted partner for Indo-Pacific security and Washington DC is keen to work with India to develop key capabilities in the quest for self-reliance. On the S-400 issue — India has ordered the Russian surface to air missile system with deliveries expected towards the end of this year — US charged’affaires Don Heflin said there is a provision for case-by-case waiver of sanctions but no assurance has been given to India.

“We urge all of our allies and partners to forego transactions with Russia that risk triggering sanctions under the countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act passed by our Congress. Now, some people ask, if there's a blanket or a blanket for one country waiver provision, there's not. It's on a case-by-case basis and we've not made any waiver determinations with respect to Indian transactions with Russia,” Heflin said. The S-400 purchase could be one of the prickly bilateral issues that will need to be resolved, given that formal deliveries for the system are starting shortly. Sanctions were triggered against Turkey after it first received the system and the country was kicked out of the Joint Strike Fighter Program by the US.

Dependent on Russia as a prime supplier in the past, India has been diversifying its basket of weapon systems and has ordered significant weapons from the US in recent years, including transport aircraft, helicopters and assault rifles.

Heflin said the US is keen to associate with the Make in India initiative as well. “The US recognises that India desires to produce more of its military equipment within the country; we understand that and look forward to our growing partnership in this effort,” he said.

The US has sent a 100-strong delegation for the AeroIndia show, with officials underlining the growing strategic relationship, beyond mere arms sales. “India is one of our premier security partners in the Indo-Pacific. And together we are deepening defence ties through avenues like exercises, cooperative agreements, and the integration of advanced US defence systems and platforms into the Indian armed services,” Kelli L Seybolt, deputy undersecretary for the air force, international affairs, said. Besides top US companies, a major highlight of the show will be the presence of a B-1B Lancer heavy bomber, which will perform a “fly-by” during the inaugural ceremony on Wednesday. This is the first time an American bomber has ever touched down in India, though there was a flypast in the last edition of the show.

economictimes

Kalashnikov May Have Bagged Strela 9М333 Guided Missile deal in India

 

Russia’s Kalashnikov may have marked the first international sale of its Strela 9М333 Guided Missiles systems to India

Sources in the know stated that progress in the contract was made towards the end of 2020. A Kalashnikov spokesperson did not deny reports of the deal but offered no details either. Information about the number of units or the value of the deal were not immediately available.

In December 2020, Kalashnikov had announced, “Field tests of the newest Strela-9M333 anti-aircraft missile have been successfully completed at the Donguz test site in the Orenburg Region. Serial production of the product was started in the interests of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.”

According to Kalashnikov information, Surface to Air Missile (SAM) Strela 9M333 guided missile system is designed to defeat low-flying aircraft and helicopters as well as remotely piloted aircraft and cruise missiles.

The fire-forget missile has three modes of seeker operation: photo-contrast, infrared and jamming, which is its most important advantage over other missiles of this class.

Most competing guided missile systems are equipped with half-active seekers with laser guidance or require support from stationary radar to track the target.

Earlier, Russia had offered to upgrade India’s existing short-range Strela-10M3 mobile air defence system to the level of the Strela-10M4 or Strela-10MN (night version).

During a meeting of the Russia-India Inter-governmental Commission (IGC), we made a technical proposal to India for the modernization of the Strela-10M3 SAM systems. A formal offer was made under the aegis of Rosoboronexport, Ria Novosti had reported in 2015.

Guided 9М333 missile is the modernized 9М37М missile with a higher efficiency engine and a new transportation and launch container. Unlike its predecessor that had only 2 seeker modes available, the new seeker works in 3 modes.

The new war-head is heavier than its predecessor with the weight of 5 kg as opposed to the 3 kg warhead of 9М37М. The accuracy and the probability of target hitting are increased due to a bigger detonator buster, and the special section of its sub-munitions (missile fragments).

The new guided 9М333 missile is fully compatible with all earlier versions of Strela-10. The new transportation and launching container and the missile electronics do not require any alterations to be made in the Strela-10 system combat vehicles, Kalashnikov information said.

defenceworld

Rosoboronexport to Display Anti-Stealth Aircraft Radar at Aero India

 

Russia’s state arms exporter Rosoboronexport said it will display a model of the Prima anti-stealth radar at Aero India 2021 that will take place from February 3-5, Defenseworld.net has learnt.

It is the first display of the Prima radar at an international defense exhibition.

“We are starting to promote the Prima mobile radar, which offers a unique capability to effectively detect current and emerging low-visibility targets, including any stealth aircraft,” Alexander Mikheev, General Director of Rosoboronexport and Deputy Chairman of the Russian Engineering Union, had said in November last year.

The P-18-2 Prima high-mobility 2D surveillance and acquisition radar was developed and manufactured by PJSC NITEL and PJSC NPO Almaz. The solid-state radar is based on modern hardware components and digital signal processing and generation technology. It features high energy potential and increased immunity. The radar is designed to detect, track, locate and identify air targets of various classes and types as friend or foe in both jamming and clutter environments, take the bearing of jammers, and feed radar data to users’ automated command-and-control systems.

The P-18-2 is distinguished from most other radars available on the market by its high mobility achieved through the installation of all equipment and antenna post on one vehicle. At the same time, its crew consists of only two people who can operate both from the equipped cabin and remote workstations. The radar features a high level of automation and can be deployed and stowed within about 5 minutes.

The Prima radar operates in the VHF band and is capable of detecting any aircraft, including stealth ones. Its range coverage exceeds 320 km and elevation coverage is up to 45 deg. The minimum detection range is 500 meters. The developers have introduced a number of technology solutions to ensure the radar’s operation in a jamming environment, difficult terrain and in adverse weather conditions. The radar automatically detects and tracks low-speed and low-visibility targets in a clutter environment.

The radar is equipped with advanced satellite navigation equipment exploiting GLONASS/GPS signals that provide automatic positioning. It has a built-in diesel power plant and a power take-off generator, and can also be connected to a three-phase general-purpose electrical network. At the customer request, the standard diesel generating set can be replaced with a similar, including foreign-made, one. The radar’s base vehicle chassis can also be replaced with a similar one.

defenseworld

INDIA, US START DISCUSSIONS ON F-15EX MULTI-ROLE COMBAT AIRCRAFT: BOEING

 

The US and India have held discussions on F-15EX fighter jets and the two respective air forces have exchanged information about it, a top Boeing official has said after the aerospace major received approval from the American government to offer its latest multi-role combat aircraft to the Indian Air Force.

The F-15EX is the latest and most advanced version of the multi-role, all-weather, and day and night versions of the F-15 aircraft family. “There have been discussions between the two governments and the two Air Forces have exchanged information about the F-15EX,” Maria H Laine, vice president, Boeing International Sales and Industrial Partnerships told PTI in a joint interview with Jeff Shockey, vice president, Global Sales and Marketing, Boeing Defence, Space & Security and Boeing Global Services.

“Since the US Government approved our license request to offer F-15EX to India, we are starting to have more discussions about the platform,” Laine said.

The US Air Force awarded Boeing an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract with a ceiling value of nearly USD 23 billion in July 2020, she added.

“It certainly sends a powerful signal when the US government makes a commitment to a platform like this that they’re in it or the long haul and are showing faith and confidence in the capability and price point of the F-15EX– piques interest in the US and around the world,” Shockey said.

In April 2019, the IAF issued an RFI (request for information) or initial tender to acquire 114 jets at a cost of around USD 18 billion, which is billed as one of the world’s biggest military procurements in recent years.

The top contenders for the deal include Lockheed’s F-21, Dassault Aviation’s Rafale, the Eurofighter Typhoon, Russian aircraft MiG 35 and Saab’s Gripen. Boeing said the F-15EX will be exhibited at the Aero India 2021 in Bengaluru beginning next week.

Responding to a question, Laine said the Block III Super Hornet for the Indian Navy is the newest, highly capable, affordable and available attack fighter on offer to India. “We look forward to responding to the RFP (request for proposal) when it is released later this year,” she said.

Headed to India to attend the Aero India show in Bengaluru this week, she argued that F/A-18 Super Hornet recently demonstrated its compatibility with Indian Navy carriers by successfully concluding the ski-jump test programme. An F/A-18 Super Hornet selection offers several advantages to India, she said.

With the Super Hornet being the frontline fighter for the US Navy, cooperation between the two navies in naval aviation can unlock the potential of cooperation in naval aviation, with the sharing of best practices in modern naval aviation systems, carrier integration know-how, services and training and weapon systems, she added.

“The F/A-18 can act as force multipliers for the Indian Navy as it can interface with assets such as P-8I. In addition, with both one-seat and two-seat variants, Super Hornet is capable of performing all missions from the carrier, including training,” Laine said.

The F/A-18 Super Hornet has the lowest operation and support cost of any tactical aircraft in the US, including single-engine fighters, she said.

The US Navy operates more than 600 Super Hornets and Growlers. Multi-billion dollar investments that have gone in infusing new technologies in the aircraft by the US Navy and several international customers. “…..given the current economic environment, customers can benefit from its affordable acquisition cost and cost of operations. The Super Hornet costs less per flight hour to operate than any other tactical aircraft in the US forces inventory, including single-engine fighters, because of its durability and ease of maintenance,” Laine said.

financialexpress

Rs 4.78 lakh crore allocated for defence budget; Nearly 19 per cent increase in capital outlay

 

(PTI) In a marginal hike of around 1.4 percent, the defence budget has been increased to Rs Rs 4.78 lakh crore for 2021-22 as against last year''s allocation of Rs 4.71 lakh crore while it has emerged that the armed forces spent an additional amount of Rs 20,776 crore under the capital outlay to buy military hardware in the face of the eastern Ladakh border standoff.

According to the budget documents, the revised capital expenditure of the defence services for 2020-21 was Rs 1,34,510 crore as against the budgetary allocation of Rs 1,13,734 crore, implying the additional expenditure.

Indian armed forces procured ammunition and weapons from several countries in the last few months following the faceoff with China.

In the Union Budget presented in Lok Sabha by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Monday, a total of Rs 1,35,060 crore has been set aside for capital expenditure that includes purchasing new weapons, aircraft, warships and other military hardware.

The capital outlay for 2021-22 is an increase of 18.75 percent compared to last year''s allocation of Rs 1,13,734 crore.

In a tweet, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh thanked Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Sitharaman for increasing the defence budget to Rs 4,78,195 crore and said the nearly 19 percent hike in the capital expenditure is the "highest ever" increase in the last 15 years.

The defence minister also expressed happiness over Sitharaman''s budget proposal to open 100 new Sainik schools.

The total outlay of Rs 4.78 lakh crore included an allocation of Rs 1.15 lakh crore for payment of pensions. Significantly, the allocation for payment of pension has come down as it was Rs 1.33 lakh crore in the previous budget.

Military experts said the drop in the allocation could be an indication of the government''s plan to cut expenditure on payment of pension by increasing the retirement age of military officers.

However, officials later clarified that the allocation was more in 2020-21 as approximately Rs 18,000 crore was to be paid on account of pension arrears. "Also salary and pension are based on actuals," said an official.

Excluding the pension outgo, the total revenue expenditure, which includes expenses on payment of salaries and maintenance of establishments, has been pegged at Rs 2.12 lakh crore.

The experts expressed satisfaction on the overall allocation considering the coronavirus-triggered adverse impact on the economy, though they said India will have to gradually raise its defence spending to deal with increasing external threats.

"I am satisfied with the total allocation to the armed forces considering the state of the economy in view of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic," said Dr Laxman Behera, a noted defence expert.

He said the increase of around Rs 22,000 crore in capital outlay is a welcome move which will help the three services in carrying on with their modernisation drive.

"Nearly 20 percent increase in Capital Defence Budget is positive. Hope we will not see an overspend on the Revenue and Pensions," tweeted former Chief of Army Staff Gen (retd) V P Malik.

He said another positive aspect was the assurance that the "capital defence budget" will be non-lapsable as advised by the Finance Commission.

In the budget, the Army has been granted a capital outlay of Rs 36,481 crore as against Rs 33,213 crore in 2020-21, as per the revised estimates.

The allocation made to the Navy for capital expenditure is Rs 33,253 crore which was Rs 37,542 crore in the previous budget.

Similarly, the Indian Air Force has been given Rs 53,214 crore to buy new platforms and weapons which is a drop of Rs 1,840 crore compared to the money it spent under capital expenditure in the current fiscal.

The budgetary capital outlay for the Indian Air Force for 2020-21 was Rs 43281.91 but the revised estimate put the figure at Rs 55,055 crore.

The overall allocation of Rs 4.78 lakh crore comes to around 1.63 percent of the GDP.

"I specially thank PM & FM for increasing the defence budget to 4.78 lakh cr for FY21-22 which includes capital expenditure worth Rs 1.35 lakh crore. It is nearly 19 percent increase in Defence capital expenditure. This is the highest ever increase in capital outlay for defence in 15 yrs," Defence Minister Singh tweeted.

The capital allocation for the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has been pegged at Rs 11,375 crore which is an increase of eight percent over the amount made in 2020-21.

The allocation for Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has been increased to Rs 6,004 crore which is 7.48 percent more than the amount given in 2021-22. 

outlookindia